CLB 2018 Annual Report

F-13 To a lesser extent in all of our business segments, we enter into other types of contracts including service arrangements and non- subscription software and licensing agreements. We recognize revenue for these arrangements over time or at a point in time depending on our evaluation of when the client obtains control of the promised services or products. Prior to our adoption of Topic 606 effective January 1, 2018, we recognized revenue when we determined the following criteria were met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (iii) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured. The adoption of Topic 606 did not result in any material changes to our revenue recognition policies nor to our consolidated financial statements. Contract Assets and Liabilities Contract assets and liabilities result due to the timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections. Contract assets include our right to payment for goods and services already transferred to a customer when the right to payment is conditional on something other than the passage of time, for example contracts where we recognize revenue over time but do not have a contractual right to payment until we complete the performance obligations. Contract assets are included in our accounts receivable and are not material as of December 31, 2018. Contract liabilities consist of advance payments received and billings in excess of revenue recognized. We generally receive up-front payments relating to our consortia studies; we recognize revenue over the life of the study as the testing and analysis results are made available to our consortia members. We record billings in excess of revenue recognized for contracts with a duration less than twelve months as unearned revenue. We classify contract liabilities for contracts with a duration greater than twelve months as current or non-current based on the timing of when we expect to recognize revenue. The current portion of contract liabilities is included in unearned revenue and the non-current portion of contract liabilities is included in long-term contract liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet. The total balance of our contract liabilities at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $7.4 million and $6.7 million, respectively. Disaggregation of Revenue We contract with clients for service revenue and/or product sales revenue. We present revenue disaggregated by services and product sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. For revenue disaggregated by reportable segment, see Note 19 - Segment Reporting . Foreign Currencies Our functional currency is the U.S. Dollar ("USD"). All inter-company financing, transactions and cash flows of our subsidiaries are transacted in USD. Our foreign entities remeasure monetary assets and liabilities to USD at year-end exchange rates, while non-monetary items are measured at historical rates. Revenue and expenses are remeasured at the applicable month-end rate, except for depreciation, amortization and certain components of cost of sales, which are measured at historical rates. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we incurred net remeasurement losses of $2.6 million, $1.0 million, and $1.8 million, respectively. These amounts were included in Other (Income) Expense, net in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits We provide a non-contributory defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all of our Dutch employees ("Dutch Plan") who were hired prior to 2007. As required by current accounting standards, we recognize net periodic pension costs associated with the Dutch plan in income from current operations and recognize the unfunded status of the plan, if any, as a long-term liability. In addition, we recognize as a component of other comprehensive income, the gains or losses and prior service costs or credits that arise during the period but are not recognized as components of net periodic pension cost. The projection of benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets requires the use of assumptions and estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates. See Note 11 - Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans . Furthermore, we maintain defined contribution plans for the benefit of eligible employees primarily in Canada, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States. We expense these contributions in the period the contribution is made.