CPSI 2017 Annual Report

69 Income Taxes We account for income taxes in accordance with FASB Codification topic, Income Taxes . Under this topic, deferred income taxes are determined utilizing the asset and liability approach. This method gives consideration to the future tax consequences associated with differences between financial accounting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The effect on the deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We recognize interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of the provision for income taxes. We also make a provision for uncertain income tax positions in accordance with the Income Taxes Codification topic. These provisions require that a tax position taken in a tax return be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than fifty percent) that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon settlement. The topic also requires that changes in judgment that result in subsequent recognition, derecognition, or change in a measurement date of a tax position taken in a prior annual period (including any related interest and penalties) be recognized as a discrete item in the interim period in which the change occurs. Valuation allowances are recorded when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. These valuation allowances can be impacted by changes in tax laws, changes to statutory tax rates, and future taxable income, and are based on our judgment, estimates, and assumptions. See Note 7 for the impact of H.R. 1, commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Segment Reporting Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is evaluated by the chief operating decision maker, which we refer to as the CODM, or decision-making group in assessing performance and making decisions regarding resource allocation. The Company has prepared operating segment information based on the manner in which management disaggregates the Company's operations for making internal operating decisions. See Note 17. New Accounting Standards Adopted in 2017 In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory . The amended guidance requires entities to measure inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. The requirement replaces the current lower of cost or market evaluation. Accounting guidance is unchanged for inventory measured using last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) or the retail method. The amended guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The amended guidance is to be applied prospectively and early adoption was permitted. The adoption of ASU 2015-11 did not have a material effect on our financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and the classification of awards on the statement of cash flows. This guidance was effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2016, which was effective for the Company as of the first quarter of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 had a material effect on our financial statements in the period of adoption and is disclosed in Note 7 of the financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, that removes step two of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Under the new guidance, a goodwill impairment is now the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. All other goodwill impairment guidance remains largely unchanged. Entities continue to have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. The guidance is