NLY 2023 Annual Report

We are subject to reinvestment risk. We are subject to reinvestment risk as a result of changes in interest rates. Declines in interest rates are generally accompanied by increased prepayments of mortgage loans, which in turn results in a prepayment of the related mortgage-backed securities. An increase in prepayments could result in the reinvestment of the proceeds we receive from such prepayments into lower yielding assets. Conversely, increases in interest rates are generally accompanied by decreased prepayments of mortgage loans, which could reduce our capital available to reinvest into higher-yielding assets. Competition may affect ability and pricing of our target assets. We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities. Our profitability depends, in large part, on our ability to acquire our target assets at attractive prices. In acquiring our target assets, we compete with a variety of institutional investors, including other REITs, specialty finance companies, public and private funds, government entities, commercial and investment banks, commercial finance and insurance companies and other financial institutions. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical, technological, marketing and other resources than we do. Other REITs with investment objectives that overlap with ours may elect to raise significant amounts of capital, which may create additional competition for investment opportunities. Some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that may not be available to us. Many of our competitors are not subject to the operating constraints associated with REIT compliance or maintenance of an exemption from the Investment Company Act. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than us. Furthermore, competition for investments in our target assets may lead to the price of such assets increasing, which may further limit our ability to generate desired returns. We cannot provide assurance that the competitive pressures we face will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, as a result of this competition, desirable investments in our target assets may be limited in the future and we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities from time to time, as we can provide no assurance that we will be able to identify and make investments that are consistent with our investment objectives. We may enter into new lines of business, acquire other companies or engage in other strategic initiatives, each of which may result in additional risks and uncertainties in our businesses. We may pursue growth through acquisitions of other companies or other strategic initiatives. To the extent we pursue strategic investments or acquisitions, undertake other strategic initiatives or consider new lines of business, we will face numerous risks and uncertainties, including risks associated with: • the availability of suitable opportunities; • the level of competition from other companies that may have greater financial resources; • our ability to assess the value, strengths, weaknesses, liabilities and potential profitability of potential acquisition opportunities accurately and negotiate acceptable terms for those opportunities; • the required investment of capital and other resources; • the lack of availability of financing and, if available, the terms of any financings; • the possibility that we have insufficient expertise to engage in such activities profitably or without incurring inappropriate amounts of risk; • the diversion of management’s attention from our core businesses; • the potential loss of key personnel of an acquired business; • assumption of liabilities in any acquired business; • the disruption of our ongoing businesses; • the increasing demands on or issues related to the combining or integrating operational and management systems and controls; • compliance with additional regulatory requirements; • costs associated with integrating and overseeing the operations of the new businesses; • failure to realize the full benefits of an acquisition, including expected synergies, cost savings, or growth opportunities, within the anticipated timeframe or at all; and • post-acquisition deterioration in an acquired business that could result in lower or negative earnings contribution and/or goodwill impairment charges. ANNALY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Item 1A. Risk Factors 40

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